import bpy import bmesh import math from mathutils import Vector, Matrix, Euler # ------------------------------------------------------------ # Setup: remove default objects so only the specimen remains # ------------------------------------------------------------ for _ob in list(bpy.data.objects): try: bpy.data.objects.remove(_ob, do_unlink=True) except Exception: pass COLL = bpy.context.scene.collection PARTS = [] # ------------------------------------------------------------ # Materials (minimal, defensive) # ------------------------------------------------------------ def make_mat(name, color, rough=0.5, metallic=0.0, sheen=0.0): mat = bpy.data.materials.get(name) if mat is None: mat = bpy.data.materials.new(name) try: mat.diffuse_color = (color[0], color[1], color[2], 1.0) except Exception: pass bsdf = None try: mat.use_nodes = True bsdf = mat.node_tree.nodes.get("Principled BSDF") except Exception: bsdf = None if bsdf is not None: try: bsdf.inputs["Base Color"].default_value = (color[0], color[1], color[2], 1.0) except Exception: pass try: bsdf.inputs["Roughness"].default_value = float(rough) except Exception: pass try: bsdf.inputs["Metallic"].default_value = float(metallic) except Exception: pass try: if sheen > 0.0: bsdf.inputs["Sheen Weight"].default_value = float(sheen) except Exception: pass return mat M_HEAD = make_mat("Mallard_IridescentGreen", (0.01, 0.20, 0.05), 0.3, 0.35) M_RING = make_mat("Mallard_WhiteRing", (0.92, 0.92, 0.90), 0.6) M_BREAST = make_mat("Mallard_ChestnutBreast", (0.28, 0.10, 0.04), 0.6, 0.0, 0.3) M_FLANK = make_mat("Mallard_GreyFlank", (0.56, 0.56, 0.53), 0.7, 0.0, 0.3) M_BACK = make_mat("Mallard_GreyBrownBack", (0.30, 0.27, 0.22), 0.7, 0.0, 0.3) M_BLACK = make_mat("Mallard_BlackRump", (0.02, 0.02, 0.025), 0.4, 0.1) M_TAIL = make_mat("Mallard_WhiteTail", (0.82, 0.82, 0.80), 0.6) M_TAILC = make_mat("Mallard_GreyTailCentral", (0.45, 0.44, 0.42), 0.6) M_WING = make_mat("Mallard_WingCoverts", (0.34, 0.31, 0.27), 0.7) M_PRIM = make_mat("Mallard_Primaries", (0.19, 0.17, 0.15), 0.6) M_SPEC = make_mat("Mallard_Speculum", (0.08, 0.07, 0.48), 0.25, 0.45) M_BILL = make_mat("Mallard_Bill", (0.72, 0.66, 0.12), 0.4) M_NAIL = make_mat("Mallard_BillNail", (0.05, 0.05, 0.04), 0.4) M_LEG = make_mat("Mallard_OrangeLeg", (0.95, 0.38, 0.04), 0.45) M_CLAW = make_mat("Mallard_Claw", (0.10, 0.08, 0.07), 0.35) M_EYE = make_mat("Mallard_Iris", (0.12, 0.05, 0.02), 0.1) M_PUPIL = make_mat("Mallard_Pupil", (0.005, 0.005, 0.005), 0.05) # ------------------------------------------------------------ # Geometry helpers # ------------------------------------------------------------ def finish(name, bm, mat, matrix=None, smooth=True): me = bpy.data.meshes.new(name + "_mesh") bm.to_mesh(me) bm.free() if smooth: for p in me.polygons: p.use_smooth = True me.materials.append(mat) ob = bpy.data.objects.new(name, me) COLL.objects.link(ob) if matrix is not None: ob.matrix_world = matrix PARTS.append(ob) return ob def rot_matrix(loc, rot): return Matrix.Translation(Vector(loc)) @ Euler(rot, 'XYZ').to_matrix().to_4x4() def ellipsoid(name, scale, mat, loc=(0, 0, 0), rot=(0, 0, 0), matrix=None, deform=None, segs=(24, 16)): bm = bmesh.new() bmesh.ops.create_uvsphere(bm, u_segments=segs[0], v_segments=segs[1], radius=1.0) sx, sy, sz = scale for v in bm.verts: x, y, z = v.co.x, v.co.y, v.co.z if deform is not None: x, y, z = deform(x, y, z) v.co = Vector((x * sx, y * sy, z * sz)) if matrix is None: matrix = rot_matrix(loc, rot) return finish(name, bm, mat, matrix) def tube(name, pts, radii, mat, segs=12, cap_start=True, cap_end=True): pts = [Vector(p) for p in pts] n_pts = len(pts) bm = bmesh.new() rings = [] prev_n = None angles = [2.0 * math.pi * k / segs for k in range(segs)] for i, p in enumerate(pts): if i == 0: t = pts[1] - pts[0] elif i == n_pts - 1: t = pts[-1] - pts[-2] else: t = pts[i + 1] - pts[i - 1] if t.length < 1e-9: t = Vector((1, 0, 0)) t.normalize() if prev_n is None: ref = Vector((0, 0, 1)) if abs(t.z) < 0.9 else Vector((1, 0, 0)) n = ref - t * ref.dot(t) else: n = prev_n - t * prev_n.dot(t) if n.length < 1e-9: ref = Vector((0, 0, 1)) if abs(t.z) < 0.9 else Vector((1, 0, 0)) n = ref - t * ref.dot(t) n.normalize() b = t.cross(n) prev_n = n.copy() r = radii[i] if isinstance(r, (tuple, list)): rn, rb = float(r[0]), float(r[1]) else: rn = rb = float(r) ring = [bm.verts.new(p + n * (math.cos(a) * rn) + b * (math.sin(a) * rb)) for a in angles] rings.append(ring) for i in range(n_pts - 1): for k in range(segs): k2 = (k + 1) % segs bm.faces.new((rings[i][k], rings[i][k2], rings[i + 1][k2], rings[i + 1][k])) if cap_start: c = bm.verts.new(pts[0]) for k in range(segs): k2 = (k + 1) % segs bm.faces.new((c, rings[0][k2], rings[0][k])) if cap_end: c = bm.verts.new(pts[-1]) for k in range(segs): k2 = (k + 1) % segs bm.faces.new((c, rings[-1][k], rings[-1][k2])) bmesh.ops.recalc_face_normals(bm, faces=bm.faces[:]) return finish(name, bm, mat, Matrix.Identity(4)) def web(name, path_a, path_b, mat, q=5, thick=0.0012, scallop=0.005): m = len(path_a) bm = bmesh.new() top = [] bot = [] half = Vector((0, 0, thick * 0.5)) for j in range(m): A = Vector(path_a[j]) B = Vector(path_b[j]) if j > 0: dirj = (A - Vector(path_a[j - 1])) + (B - Vector(path_b[j - 1])) else: dirj = (Vector(path_a[1]) - A) + (Vector(path_b[1]) - B) if dirj.length > 1e-9: dirj.normalize() rt = [] rb = [] for k in range(q + 1): f = k / q P = A.lerp(B, f) if j == m - 1: P = P - dirj * (scallop * math.sin(math.pi * f)) rt.append(bm.verts.new(P + half)) rb.append(bm.verts.new(P - half)) top.append(rt) bot.append(rb) for j in range(m - 1): for k in range(q): bm.faces.new((top[j][k], top[j][k + 1], top[j + 1][k + 1], top[j + 1][k])) bm.faces.new((bot[j][k], bot[j + 1][k], bot[j + 1][k + 1], bot[j][k + 1])) perim = [] for j in range(m): perim.append((j, 0)) for k in range(1, q + 1): perim.append((m - 1, k)) for j in range(m - 2, -1, -1): perim.append((j, q)) for k in range(q - 1, 0, -1): perim.append((0, k)) for i in range(len(perim)): a = perim[i] b = perim[(i + 1) % len(perim)] try: bm.faces.new((top[a[0]][a[1]], top[b[0]][b[1]], bot[b[0]][b[1]], bot[a[0]][a[1]])) except Exception: pass bmesh.ops.recalc_face_normals(bm, faces=bm.faces[:]) return finish(name, bm, mat, Matrix.Identity(4), smooth=True) def linspace(a, b, n): if n == 1: return [a] return [a + (b - a) * i / (n - 1) for i in range(n)] # ------------------------------------------------------------ # BODY (torso) - drake mallard, X forward, Z up, metres # ------------------------------------------------------------ def body_def(x, y, z): if x < 0: t = -x y *= 1.0 - 0.38 * t ** 1.5 z = z * (1.0 - 0.28 * t) + 0.22 * t * t else: z *= 1.0 + 0.05 * x if z < 0: z *= 0.92 return x, y, z ellipsoid("Body_Torso", (0.20, 0.112, 0.09), M_FLANK, loc=(0, 0, 0.22), deform=body_def, segs=(40, 24)) # Chestnut breast ellipsoid("Breast_Chestnut", (0.09, 0.094, 0.083), M_BREAST, loc=(0.128, 0, 0.225), segs=(32, 20)) # Grey-brown mantle / scapulars over the back ellipsoid("Back_Mantle", (0.15, 0.075, 0.045), M_BACK, loc=(-0.01, 0, 0.27), deform=lambda x, y, z: (x, y * (1.0 - 0.25 * max(0.0, -x)), z), segs=(32, 16)) # Black rump & uppertail coverts ellipsoid("Rump_Black", (0.05, 0.048, 0.022), M_BLACK, loc=(-0.155, 0, 0.262)) # Black undertail coverts ellipsoid("Undertail_Coverts", (0.045, 0.05, 0.03), M_BLACK, loc=(-0.165, 0, 0.225)) # ------------------------------------------------------------ # NECK with white collar ring # ------------------------------------------------------------ tube("Neck_Lower", [(0.135, 0, 0.245), (0.165, 0, 0.28), (0.19, 0, 0.315)], [0.052, 0.044, 0.038], M_BREAST, segs=20) tube("Neck_WhiteRing", [(0.186, 0, 0.309), (0.197, 0, 0.327)], [0.0405, 0.0385], M_RING, segs=20) tube("Neck_Upper", [(0.194, 0, 0.322), (0.21, 0, 0.35), (0.225, 0, 0.375), (0.24, 0, 0.39)], [0.036, 0.033, 0.033, 0.036], M_HEAD, segs=20) # ------------------------------------------------------------ # HEAD # ------------------------------------------------------------ def head_def(x, y, z): if x > 0 and z > 0: z *= 1.0 - 0.18 * x if x < 0: z *= 1.0 + 0.05 * (-x) return x, y, z ellipsoid("Head", (0.058, 0.041, 0.046), M_HEAD, loc=(0.255, 0, 0.40), deform=head_def, segs=(32, 20)) # Eyes (iris + pupil) for s in (1, -1): ellipsoid("Eye_Iris_%s" % ("L" if s > 0 else "R"), (0.0062, 0.0045, 0.0062), M_EYE, loc=(0.275, s * 0.0345, 0.41), segs=(16, 12)) ellipsoid("Eye_Pupil_%s" % ("L" if s > 0 else "R"), (0.003, 0.0012, 0.003), M_PUPIL, loc=(0.2755, s * 0.0388, 0.41), segs=(12, 8)) # ------------------------------------------------------------ # BILL: upper mandible, lower mandible, nail, nostrils # ------------------------------------------------------------ BILL_PITCH = math.radians(12) def upper_bill_def(x, y, z): f = (x + 1.0) * 0.5 y *= 0.78 + 0.30 * f if z > 0: z *= 1.0 - 0.25 * f return x, y, z def lower_bill_def(x, y, z): f = (x + 1.0) * 0.5 y *= 0.80 + 0.25 * f return x, y, z ellipsoid("Bill_UpperMandible", (0.036, 0.021, 0.0085), M_BILL, loc=(0.332, 0, 0.387), rot=(0, BILL_PITCH, 0), deform=upper_bill_def, segs=(28, 14)) ellipsoid("Bill_LowerMandible", (0.032, 0.018, 0.005), M_BILL, loc=(0.328, 0, 0.379), rot=(0, BILL_PITCH, 0), deform=lower_bill_def, segs=(24, 12)) ellipsoid("Bill_Nail", (0.007, 0.009, 0.0035), M_NAIL, loc=(0.3635, 0, 0.3835), rot=(0, BILL_PITCH + math.radians(10), 0), segs=(16, 10)) for s in (1, -1): ellipsoid("Bill_Nostril_%s" % ("L" if s > 0 else "R"), (0.0045, 0.0018, 0.0015), M_NAIL, loc=(0.315, s * 0.0065, 0.3968), rot=(0, BILL_PITCH, 0), segs=(12, 8)) # ------------------------------------------------------------ # WINGS (folded): coverts, speculum with white bars, tertials, primaries # ------------------------------------------------------------ def wing_def(x, y, z): if x < 0: t = -x z *= 1.0 - 0.35 * t y *= 1.0 - 0.3 * t return x, y, z def feather_def(x, y, z): if x > 0: y *= 1.0 - 0.35 * x return x, y, z for s in (1, -1): side = "L" if s > 0 else "R" Mw = rot_matrix((-0.03, s * 0.097, 0.258), (s * 0.25, 0.0, s * 0.08)) ellipsoid("Wing_Coverts_" + side, (0.15, 0.017, 0.05), M_WING, matrix=Mw, deform=wing_def, segs=(32, 16)) # Speculum (iridescent blue) framed by white bars ellipsoid("Wing_Speculum_" + side, (0.042, 0.004, 0.012), M_SPEC, matrix=Mw @ Matrix.Translation(Vector((0.02, s * 0.0165, -0.016))), segs=(20, 10)) ellipsoid("Wing_SpecBarUpper_" + side, (0.044, 0.0035, 0.0028), M_RING, matrix=Mw @ Matrix.Translation(Vector((0.022, s * 0.0168, -0.0015))), segs=(20, 8)) ellipsoid("Wing_SpecBarLower_" + side, (0.044, 0.0035, 0.0028), M_RING, matrix=Mw @ Matrix.Translation(Vector((0.018, s * 0.0155, -0.0305))), segs=(20, 8)) # Tertials for i in range(2): ellipsoid("Wing_Tertial_%s_%d" % (side, i), (0.06, 0.003, 0.014), M_BACK, matrix=Mw @ Matrix.Translation(Vector((-0.06 - i * 0.012, s * (0.012 - i * 0.003), 0.034 - i * 0.008))), deform=feather_def, segs=(16, 8)) # Primaries, folded and stacked, extending over the tail for i in range(6): local = Vector((-0.13 - i * 0.006, s * (0.006 - i * 0.0022), 0.018 - i * 0.005)) yaw = Matrix.Rotation(-s * math.radians(2.0 + i * 0.8), 4, 'Z') ellipsoid("Wing_Primary_%s_%d" % (side, i), (0.08 - i * 0.003, 0.0028, 0.013), M_PRIM, matrix=Mw @ Matrix.Translation(local) @ yaw, deform=lambda x, y, z: (x, y, z * (1.0 - 0.45 * max(0.0, -x))), segs=(16, 8)) # ------------------------------------------------------------ # TAIL: fan of rectrices + black curled drake feathers # ------------------------------------------------------------ TAIL_ROOT = Vector((-0.185, 0.0, 0.248)) N_RECT = 10 for i in range(N_RECT): a = math.radians(-30.0 + i * 60.0 / (N_RECT - 1)) d = Vector((-math.cos(a), math.sin(a), math.tan(math.radians(12)))) d.normalize() stack = 0.0012 * (4.5 - abs(i - 4.5)) center = TAIL_ROOT + d * 0.038 + Vector((0, 0, stack)) q = d.to_track_quat('X', 'Z') mat = M_TAILC if 3 <= i <= 6 else M_TAIL ellipsoid("Tail_Rectrix_%d" % i, (0.042, 0.011, 0.0022), mat, matrix=Matrix.Translation(center) @ q.to_matrix().to_4x4(), deform=feather_def, segs=(16, 8)) # Drake curls (curled central uppertail coverts) for ci, yoff in enumerate((-0.006, -0.002, 0.002, 0.006)): R0 = 0.018 - 0.0012 * abs(ci - 1.5) cx = -0.175 + 0.002 * abs(ci - 1.5) base_z = 0.268 cz = base_z + R0 th_max = 1.45 * math.pi pts = [] rads = [] n = 18 for k in range(n): th = th_max * k / (n - 1) R = R0 * (1.0 - 0.4 * th / th_max) pts.append((cx - R * math.sin(th), yoff, cz - R * math.cos(th))) f = k / (n - 1) rads.append((0.0015 * (1.0 - 0.5 * f) + 0.0003, 0.004 * (1.0 - 0.6 * f) + 0.0005)) tube("Tail_DrakeCurl_%d" % ci, pts, rads, M_BLACK, segs=8) # ------------------------------------------------------------ # LEGS & WEBBED FEET # ------------------------------------------------------------ def toe_point(F, yaw, L, t, z_end=0.0042): d = Vector((math.cos(yaw), math.sin(yaw), 0.0)) p = F + d * (L * t) p.z = F.z * (1.0 - t) + z_end * t + 0.0018 * math.sin(math.pi * t) return p for s in (1, -1): side = "L" if s > 0 else "R" knee = Vector((-0.022, s * 0.052, 0.165)) ankle = Vector((-0.05, s * 0.06, 0.092)) F = Vector((-0.028, s * 0.066, 0.013)) # Feathered thigh (upper tibiotarsus) emerging from belly ellipsoid("Leg_Thigh_" + side, (0.028, 0.02, 0.024), M_FLANK, loc=(-0.03, s * 0.055, 0.158), segs=(16, 10)) # Exposed lower tibiotarsus tube("Leg_Tibiotarsus_" + side, [knee, knee.lerp(ankle, 0.5), ankle], [0.011, 0.0085, 0.0072], M_LEG, segs=12) # Intertarsal (ankle) joint ellipsoid("Leg_AnkleJoint_" + side, (0.0078, 0.0072, 0.0078), M_LEG, loc=tuple(ankle), segs=(12, 8)) # Tarsometatarsus (laterally compressed) tube("Leg_Tarsometatarsus_" + side, [ankle, ankle.lerp(F, 0.5), F], [(0.0068, 0.0048), (0.0064, 0.0045), (0.006, 0.0043)], M_LEG, segs=12) # Foot pad at base of toes ellipsoid("Foot_Pad_" + side, (0.0075, 0.0068, 0.005), M_LEG, loc=tuple(F), segs=(12, 8)) toes = { "II_inner": (-s * math.radians(22), 0.045), "III_middle": (s * math.radians(3), 0.058), "IV_outer": (s * math.radians(28), 0.054), } for tname, (yaw, L) in toes.items(): tpts = [toe_point(F, yaw, L, t) for t in linspace(0.0, 1.0, 7)] trad = [(0.0035 - 0.0012 * f, 0.0042 - 0.0016 * f) for f in linspace(0.0, 1.0, 7)] tube("Foot_Toe_%s_%s" % (tname, side), tpts, trad, M_LEG, segs=10) # Claw d = Vector((math.cos(yaw), math.sin(yaw), 0.0)) tip = tpts[-1] cpts = [tip - d * 0.001, tip + d * 0.003 + Vector((0, 0, -0.0005)), tip + d * 0.0065 + Vector((0, 0, -0.0022))] tube("Foot_Claw_%s_%s" % (tname, side), cpts, [(0.0022, 0.0020), (0.0015, 0.0012), (0.0003, 0.0003)], M_CLAW, segs=8) # Hallux (hind toe, elevated, with small lobe) hy = -s * 0.35 hd = Vector((-1.0, hy, 0.0)).normalized() hbase = F + Vector((-0.004, 0, 0.004)) hpts = [hbase, hbase + hd * 0.006 + Vector((0, 0, -0.001)), hbase + hd * 0.012 + Vector((0, 0, -0.003))] tube("Foot_Hallux_" + side, hpts, [(0.0028, 0.003), (0.0024, 0.0028), (0.0018, 0.0018)], M_LEG, segs=8) ellipsoid("Foot_HalluxLobe_" + side, (0.005, 0.003, 0.0012), M_LEG, loc=tuple(hbase + hd * 0.008 + Vector((0, 0, -0.003))), segs=(10, 6)) hc = hpts[-1] tube("Foot_HalluxClaw_" + side, [hc, hc + hd * 0.004 + Vector((0, 0, -0.0015))], [0.0014, 0.0003], M_CLAW, segs=6) # Interdigital webbing (II-III and III-IV), fully webbed to near toe tips yaw2, L2 = toes["II_inner"] yaw3, L3 = toes["III_middle"] yaw4, L4 = toes["IV_outer"] ts = linspace(0.12, 0.93, 7) p2 = [toe_point(F, yaw2, L2, t) for t in ts] p3 = [toe_point(F, yaw3, L3, t) for t in ts] p4 = [toe_point(F, yaw4, L4, t) for t in ts] web("Foot_Web_Inner_" + side, p2, p3, M_LEG) web("Foot_Web_Outer_" + side, p3, p4, M_LEG) # ------------------------------------------------------------ # Join all parts into one specimen object # ------------------------------------------------------------ joined = False try: bpy.ops.object.select_all(action='DESELECT') valid = [o for o in PARTS if o is not None and o.name in bpy.data.objects] for o in valid: o.select_set(True) if valid: bpy.context.view_layer.objects.active = valid[0] bpy.ops.object.join() duck = bpy.context.view_layer.objects.active if duck is not None: duck.name = "Mallard_Duck_Anas_platyrhynchos" if duck.data is not None: duck.data.name = "Mallard_Duck_mesh" joined = True except Exception: joined = False if not joined: try: root = bpy.data.objects.new("Mallard_Duck_Anas_platyrhynchos", None) COLL.objects.link(root) for o in list(bpy.data.objects): if o is not root and o.type == 'MESH' and o.parent is None: mw = o.matrix_world.copy() o.parent = root o.matrix_world = mw except Exception: pass try: bpy.ops.object.select_all(action='DESELECT') except Exception: pass